The Sleepwalker by: Eric Fischl (Controversial Art)

Eric Fischl was born in New York City and grew up on suburban Long Island; his family moved to Phoenix, Arizona in 1967. In 1974, he took a job teaching painting at Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, where he met painter April Gornik, with whom he moved back to New York City in 1978 and later married. Fischl has embraced the description of himself as a painter of the suburbs, not generally considered appropriate subject matter prior to his generation. Some of Fischl's earlier works have a theme of adolescent sexuality and voyeurism, such as Sleepwalker (1979) which depicts an adolescent boy masturbating into a children's pool.

The Holy Virgin Mary by: Chris Ofili (Controversial Art)

Chris Ofili (born 1968) is a British painter noted for artworks referencing aspects of his Nigerian heritage. He is one of the Young British Artists. He is a Turner Prize winner and his work has been a source of controversy. One of his paintings, The Holy Virgin Mary, a depiction (portrait) of the Virgin Mary, was at issue in a lawsuit between the mayor of New York City, Rudy Giuliani, and the Brooklyn Museum of Art when it was exhibited there in 1999 as a part of the "Sensation" exhibit. The painting depicted a black African Mary surrounded by images from blaxploitation movies and close-ups of female genitalia cut from pornographic magazines, and elephant dung. Following the scandal surrounding this painting, Bernard Goldberg ranked Ofili #86 in 100 People Who Are Screwing Up America.

The Lincoln Memorial (Art Records History)

The Lincoln Memorial is a United States Presidential memorial built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. It is located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The architect was Henry Bacon, the sculptor was Daniel Chester French, and the painter of the interior murals was Jules Guerin. The building is in the form of a Greek Doric temple and contains a large seated sculpture of Abraham Lincoln and inscriptions of two well-known speeches by Lincoln. The memorial has been the site of many famous speeches, including Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered on August 28, 1963 during the rally at the end of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

The Statue of Liberty (Art Records History)

The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the people of France in 1886. The copper-clad statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates the centennial of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence and is a gesture of friendship from France to the United States. Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi sculpted the statue and obtained a U.S. patent for its structure. The statue is of a robed woman holding a torch, and is made of a sheeting of pure copper, hung on a framework of steel (originally puddled iron) with the exception of the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf (originally made of copper and later altered to hold glass panes.)

Quizzes for Mid Term

The Harlem Renaissance

1. The Harlem Renaissance was an expression of African-American social thought and culture that began in the newly-formed Black community of Harlem. True or False A: True
2. The Harlem Renaissance took place where?
a. New York
b. Canada
c. Mexico
d. Mars A: a. New York
3. Aaron Douglas is considered to be a "father of Afro-American Art". True or False A: True
4. What happened in Harlem in 1935 that was a factor in bringing the Harlem Renaissance to an end?
a. a tea party
b. a riot
c. a Diddy concert
d. a Globetrotters basketball game
5. The Harlem Renaissance changed the dynamics of African American arts and literature in the United States. True or False A: True

Christian Art Culture

Christian art is art produced in an attempt to illustrate, supplement and portray in tangible form the principles of _______.
a. Christianity b. Islam c. Atheism
A: a. Christianity
The first preserved Christian images emerge around ________.
a. 1985 b. 1895 c. 70 AD
A: c. 70AD
The oldest still-existent Christian paintings are from the site at _______. a. Megiddo b. Stonehenge c. The White House
A: a. Megiddo
Depictions of saints are common in Christian art.
True or False
A: True
The unifying theme is ultimately the representation of the life and times of Jesus. True or False
A: True

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

Pablo Picasso was born on October 25th, 1881, in Málaga, Spain. He is considered to be one of the most important artists of the twentieth century. Picasso was born to José Ruiz Blasco, an academic painter. He began to draw at an early age. In 1895 his family moved to Barcelona, and he studied at the academy of fine arts known as La Lonja. Picasso had many lovers throughout his life. He had four children by three women, and two wives. Picasso frequented brothels throughout his life, and also had numerous affairs. His style developed from the Blue Period to the Rose Period to the pivotal work Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.

Created during his Surrealist period, Picasso captures the horror of the bombing of the Basque town of Guernica, which killed many innocent civilians during the Spanish Civil War. By 1936 the Spanish Civil War had greatly affected him, the expression of which is evident in his painting Guernica.

Picasso’s association with the Communist Party began in 1944. He lived in southern France from the late 1940s. In 1961 Picasso married Jacqueline Roque, and they moved to Mougins. There Picasso continued his historic work in painting, drawing, prints, ceramics, and sculpture until his death on April 8th, 1973.

*Quiz*

1) What is Picasso’s first name?
a. Pablo b. Paulo c. John d. Vincent

2) What country was Picasso born in?
a. United States b. Spain c. Peru d. Australia

3) Picasso’s style developed from the Blue Period to the Rose Period.
True False

4) Picasso’s painting about the horrors of the Spanish Civil War was named after the town of ___________.
a. Paris b. Atlanta c. Guernica d. Cancun

5) One of Picasso’s most famous works is Starry Night.
True False

Rodin

Rodin (November 12, 1840–November 17, 1917) was a French artist, most famous as a sculptor. 

He was the preeminent French sculptor of his time, and remains one of the few sculptors widely recognized outside the visual arts community. Although Rodin is generally considered the progenitor of modern sculpture, he did not set out to rebel against the past. He was schooled traditionally, took a craftsman-like approach to his work, and desired academic recognition, although he was never accepted into Paris's foremost school of art. Sculpturally, he possessed a unique ability to model a complex, turbulent, deeply pocketed surface in clay.

Many of Rodin's most notable sculptures were roundly criticized during his lifetime. They clashed with the predominant figure sculpture tradition, in which works were decorative, formulaic, or highly thematic. Rodin's most original work departed from traditional themes of mythology and allegory, modeled the human body with realism, and celebrated individual character and physicality. Rodin was sensitive to the controversy about his work, but did not change his style, and successive works brought increasing favor from the government and the artistic community.

Two of his most notable sculptures are The Thinker and The Kiss. 

The Thinker depicts a man in sober meditation battling with a powerful internal struggle. It is often used to represent philosophy. Rodin made a first small plaster version around 1880. The first large-scale bronze cast was finished in 1902, but not presented to the public until 1904. It became the property of the city of Paris – thanks to a subscription organized by Rodin admirers – and was put in front of the Panthéon in 1906. In 1922, it was moved to theHôtel Biron, which was transformed into a Rodin Museum.

The sculpture, The Kiss, was originally titled Francesca da Rimini, as it depicts the 13th-century Italian noblewoman immortalised in Dante's Inferno who falls in love with her husband Giovanni Malatesta's younger brother Paolo. When critics first saw the sculpture in 1887, they suggested the less specific title Le Baiser (The Kiss).In 1888, the French government ordered the first large-scale marble version of The Kiss from Rodin for the 1889 Exhibition Universelle, but it was publicly displayed for the first time in the Salon de la Société National des Beaux-Arts in 1898. It was so popular that the company Barbedienne offered Rodin a contract to produce a limited number of smaller copies in bronze. In 1900 the statue was moved to the Musée du Luxembourg before being taken to its current location, the Musée Rodin, in 1918.

*Quiz*

1. What are Rodins two most notable sculptures?

     2.  When was the first plaster version of The Think made?

   a) 1680 b) 1780 c) 1880 d) 2008

     3.  The sculpture, The Kiss, was originally titled Francesca da Rimini.

   a) True b) False

     4.  Rodin first began studying artwork seriously, at what age?

  a) 10 b) 47 c) 52 d) 65

     5.  In what year was Rodin born?

  a) 1760     b) 1970 c) 1800     d) 1840